C# allows Passing Parameters by reference

By default CLR assumes that all the parameters to a method are value type.

C# allows pass parameter by reference type in two ways

1. Ref :The caller must initialized the parameter's value to the method

E.g: Public static void RefAni(ref int iVal)

{

iVal+=2;

}

public static void Main()

{

int i=3; //i must be intialized

RefAni(ref i);

Console.Writeline(i);

}

Note : The i value is declared on the thread stack and initialized to 3.Address location of i is passed to RefAni method. RefAni iVal takes the value and new value is returned to the caller.

2.Out: The caller must not have to be initalized the parameter's value to the method

E.g:

Public static void OutAni(out int iVal)

{

iVal+=2;

}

public static void Main()

{

int i; //doesnot have to be intialized

OutAni(out i);

Console.Writeline(i);

}

Note : the i is declared on the thread stack .The address is then passed to the OutAni(here no values are comming).Inside the OutAni iVal is initailized to 2 and new value is returned to the caller.

Why ref and out is required ?

This is that the compailer want to do the right thing automatically.

Note : overloading is possiblie in this

E.g : Public static void OutAni(out int iVal)

Public static void OutAni(int iVal)

This will compile properly.